The diffuse reflectance component of a Primitive Color.
Surfaces exhibiting only diffuse reflection (also known as
Lambertian reflection) are dull, matte surfaces that appear equally bright
from all viewing angles. When a beam of light is reflected from such a
surface, the reflected ray is diffused to cover an area whose size is
inversely proportional to the cosine of the angle that the beam makes with
the surface normal.
Diffuse reflection provides what is known as "shape from
shading" information to visual perception; that is, for a surface
composed of a single substance and illuminated by a single light source,
the shading of the object can be used to compute its surface normals (i.e.,
its shape).
See 16.1.2, "Diffuse Reflection" of Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice, by Foley, van Dam, et. al, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1991 for further discussion of diffuse reflectance.
See Primitive Color.